Demetrios G. Glinos Essay Example

Demetrios G. Glinos Essay Example Demetrios G. Glinos Paper Demetrios G. Glinos Paper Essay Topic: Orlando Demetrios G. Glinos is a visiting lecturer in Computer Science and Information Technology at Computer Science Department of the University of Central Florida. Here he is teaching such courses as Natural Language Understanding, Artificial Intelligence, Introduction to Discrete Structures, Evolutionary Computation, Numerical Calculus, Security in Computing, Computer Fundamentals for Business, and others. His research interests include artificial intelligence, natural language processing, question answering systems, secure computing, text mining, and plagiarism detection. Mr. Glinos received his B.S. in Physics and Mathematics from the Trinity College, Connecticut in 1973 (with Honors in Mathematics). He received his J.D. in Law from the Georgetown University 1976. Later, in 1999 he received his M.S, and in 2006 – his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Central Florida. He worked as a Staff Engineer at Martin Marietta Aerospace in Denver and Orlando (1980 to 1989), where he served as Technical Lead for the Simulation and Computer Modeling Group and was the principal designer and team leader for some large-scale constructive simulation modeling efforts. Demetrios G. Glinos performed software and systems engineering requirements analyses, design studies, and supported numerous proposal efforts in both Denver and Orlando. He also maintained private offices in downtown Orlando, Florida, practicing in the areas of commercial real estate, estate planning, and probate and estate administration. He managed all aspects of a solo law practice, including advising clients, court appearances, drafting pleadings and documents, and timekeeping and accounting. Mr. Glinos worked as an Sr. Research Scientist at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) from 1999 to 2011, where he served in some technical and project management roles. Demetrios G. Glinos is a founder and chief scientist for Advanced Text Analytics, a company, offering text analytics consulting services and solutions. Professor Glinos also worked as an Adjunct Instructor of Computer Science classes at Valencia College and as a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science of Stetson University.

Definition and Examples of Language Death

Definition and Examples of Language Death Language death is a  linguistic term for the end or extinction of a language. Also called language extinction. Language Extinction Distinctions are commonly drawn between an endangered language (one with few or no children learning the language) and an extinct language (one in which the last native speaker has died).   A Language Dies Every Two Weeks Linguist David Crystal has estimated that one language [is] dying out somewhere in the world, on average, every two weeks (By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English, 2008). Language Death Every 14 days a language dies. By 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on Earthmany of them not yet recordedmay disappear, taking with them a wealth of knowledge about history, culture, the natural environment, and the human brain. (National Geographic Society, Enduring Voices Project)I am always sorry when any language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of nations. (Samuel Johnson, quoted by James Boswell in The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, 1785)Language death occurs in unstable bilingual or multilingual speech communities as a result of language shift from a regressive minority language to a dominant majority language. (Wolfgang Dressler, Language Death. 1988)Aboriginal Australia holds some of the worlds most endangered languages including Amurdag, which was believed to be extinct until a few years ago when linguists came across speaker Charlie Mangulda living in the Northern Territory.(Holly Bentley, Mind Your Language. The Guardian, Aug. 13, 2010) The Effects of a Dominant Language A language is said to be dead when no one speaks it any more. It may continue to have existence in recorded form, of coursetraditionally in writing, more recently as part of a sound or video archive (and it does in a sense live on in this way)but unless it has fluent speakers one would not talk of it as a living language. . . .The effects of a dominant language vary markedly in different parts of the world, as do attitudes towards it. In Australia, the presence of English has, directly or indirectly, caused great linguistic devastation, with 90% of languages moribund. But English is not the language which is dominant throughout Latin America: if languages are dying there, it is not through any fault of English. Moreover, the presence of a dominant language does not automatically result in a 90% extinction rate. Russian has long been dominant in the countries of the former USSR, but there the total destruction of local languages has been estimated to be only (sic) 50%.(David Crystal, Language Death. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Aesthetic Loss The main loss when a language dies is not cultural but aesthetic. The click sounds in certain African languages are magnificent to hear. In many Amazonian languages, when you say something you have to specify, with a suffix, where you got the information. The Ket language of Siberia is so awesomely irregular as to seem a work of art.But let’s remember that this aesthetic delight is mainly savored by the outside observer, often a professional savorer like myself. Professional linguists or anthropologists are part of a distinct human minority. . . .At the end of the day, language death is, ironically, a symptom of people coming together. Globalization means hitherto isolated peoples migrating and sharing space. For them to do so and still maintain distinct languages across generations happens only amidst unusually tenacious self-isolationsuch as that of the Amishor brutal segregation. (Jews did not speak Yiddish in order to revel in their diversity but because they lived in an a partheid society.)(John McWhorter, The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English. World Affairs Journal, Fall 2009) Steps to Preserve a Language [T]he best non-linguists can do, in North-America, towards preserving languages, dialects, vocabularies and the like is, among other possible actions, (French linguist Claude Hagà ¨ge, author of On the Death and Life of Languages, in Q and A: The Death of Languages. The New York Times, Dec. 16, 2009) Participating in associations which, in the US and Canada, work to obtain from local and national governments a recognition of the importance of Indian languages (prosecuted and led to quasi-extinction during the XIXth century) and cultures, such as those of the Algonquian, Athabaskan, Haida, Na-Dene, Nootkan, Penutian, Salishan, Tlingit communities, to name just a few;Participating in funding the creation of schools and the appointment and payment of competent teachers;Participating in the training of linguists and ethnologists belonging to Indian tribes, in order to foster the publication of grammars and dictionaries, which should also be financially helped;Acting in order to introduce the knowledge of Indian cultures as one of the important topics in American and Canadian TV and radio programs. An Endangered Language in Tabasco The language of Ayapaneco has been spoken in the land now known as Mexico for centuries. It has survived the Spanish conquest, seen off wars, revolutions, famines and floods. But now, like so many other indigenous languages, its at risk of extinction.There are just two people left who can speak it fluentlybut they refuse to talk to each other. Manuel Segovia, 75, and Isidro Velazquez, 69, live 500 metres apart in the village of Ayapa in the tropical lowlands of the southern state of Tabasco. It is not clear whether there is a long-buried argument behind their mutual avoidance, but people who know them say they have never really enjoyed each others company.They dont have a lot in common, says Daniel Suslak, a linguistic anthropologist from Indiana University, who is involved with a project to produce a dictionary of Ayapaneco. Segovia, he says, can be a little prickly and Velazquez, who is more stoic, rarely likes to leave his home.The dictionary is part of a race against time to revi talize the language before it is definitively too late. When I was a boy everybody spoke it, Segovia told the Guardian by phone. Its disappeared little by little, and now I suppose it might die with me. (Jo Tuckman, Language at Risk of Dying OutLast Two Speakers Arent Talking. The Guardian, April 13, 2011) Those linguists racing to save dying languagesurging villagers to raise their children in the small and threatened language rather than the bigger national languageface criticism that they are unintentionally helping keep people impoverished by encouraging them to stay in a small-language ghetto. (Robert Lane Greene, You Are What You Speak. Delacorte, 2011)

Multiculturalism and cultural policy in Scandinavia Essay

Multiculturalism and cultural policy in Scandinavia - Essay Example As a prescriptive phenomenon, it refers to settlement policy that works towards promoting the perspective of institutionalizing cultural diversity. This paper expounds on this concept of multiculturalism and cultural diversity, with Sweden being a case study (CRAFT, 2011). Sweden has a reputation of having the most immigration policies in Europe. Behind such an image, their lies a more complicated reality. The current transformations are turning the explicit commitments regarding multiculturalism towards a cultural suppression that tends to conceal the power structure underlying ethnic, gender, racial, and the class inequalities (TCHIBOZO, 2013). As compared with Britain, and many other European nations, some of the multiculturalism paradoxes have been largely examined. This was established through critical reassessment of the dominant institutional, academic, and political discourses (TCHIBOZO, 2013). They tend to focus on changes with regards to the refugee policies, the representation of the immigrant youths and women, as well as the limited voice accorded to the contemporary social movements and the immigrant communities. In the course of discussing the kind of dilemma that is faced by welfare state especially under the localization and globalizat ion threats, a greater focus has been redirected on the perspective of trans-ethnicity. Doing so, exposes the necessity for the more comprehensive description of politics, state, class, everyday life, and the civil society (CRAFT, 2011). With regards to the international comparison, the Swedish nationalism has perhaps been relatively calm, but nevertheless, there were stronger assimilating pressures that were put on both the immigrant communities and the traditional minorities (CRAFT, 2011). Rather than the ethno-nationalist fanaticism, there was a greater elementary ideology of integrating the members of cultural and ethnic minorities into the

The marketing strategy of Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The marketing strategy of Apple - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Apple Inc. is a multinational company based in the United States, which specializes in designing, development, and selling of electronics to consumers, including phones, music players, computers, and computer software. Apple ranks second after Samsung, which is the most profitable information technology company in the world. Nonetheless, the success of Apple Inc. is associated with its marketing strategy, which is considered effective. Apple employs a simple marketing strategy, which involves its consumers, thus giving the company an edge over other companies in the information technology industry. However, if Apple could consider improving its marketing strategy, this would guarantee it more profits and continued competitiveness in the market. The marketing strategy of Apple is based on three main important factors. These are trust, communication, and focus. The company believes that it is important to be clear on the information the company wants to pass to consumers through advertisements. This, therefore, results in a focused communication with consumers. On trust, Apple aims at producing quality products, instead of competing with other companies. The high quality of Apple products ensures customer loyalty.   For this reason, Apple does not throw its products at consumers in its adverts; instead, the company only explains how the new product works, including the features that it possesses. (Nosal Web). Apart from the simplicity of the marketing strategy of Apple, this also exhibits a great level of differentiation. The company puts great efforts in ensuring that its products are highly differentiated from other products produced by its competitors. The design of Apple’s product is superior, compared to that of its competitors, thus ensuring its differentiation. In addition, Apple wants its consumers to have a good experience using its products. Therefore, the company develops both software and hardware to enable customers to enjoy using its products (Bui Web). Since the quality of Apple products is high, the company also sells these products at a higher price. Apple is known as a â€Å"high-price† leader in the information technology industry. However, today, Apple attempts to lower the price of its products, as a strategy of increasing its customer base. Alternatively, Apple produces complex products at a high price, and then produces lower-price versions of such products, which have fewer features, thus suiting the needs of diverse customers (Bui Web).With regard to distribution; Apple has a total number of stores exceeding 300, with about 50 stores in California, where the company has its headquarters. The Apple staff in these distribution stores offer full service to customers. However, the staff is not trained on selling skills, but only on addressing customer problems and queries on how different products work (Bui Web). This marketing strategy for Apple is appropriate for the company, since it has worked on increasing the company’s profits over the years. First, this marketing strategy does not base on beating or competing with competitors. However, Apple focuses solely on the design and nature of its products to have an edge over competitors. Apple does not compare itself with its competitors such as Microsoft, but instead focuses on its own self-improvement, to remain competitive in the industry. In addition, the fact that the company aims at developing a pleasant experience for its customers, shows that the company is focused on customer needs and not its desire for profits, like other companies in the industry. Nonetheless, customer-centeredness is a great value, which Apple has adopted in its marketing strategy, which therefore, makes the strategy effective and agreeable. Although Apple has performed well in the market for the past decades, today there are

How and When We Use ICT Essay Example for Free

How and When We Use ICT Essay The communication system in the world is essential to modern day life. This may include mobile phones or normal household phones, which instantly allow someone to hear another persons voice from anywhere around the world, after you code in the required phone number. This saves a great deal of hassle, time and money as there no or less need to actually visit the person speaking. Furthermore, a mobile phone, performing the same tasks can be used, which can be taken anywhere and is wireless. Also with the mobile phone, instead of talking to another person, messages could be sent known as text to whomever, saving more money and time. Similarly the modern day internet- with the e-mail system, could be used, to anyone or any company around the world who also posses e-mail addresses. Again, the communication is very fast and better than mobile phone text, the information is free, easier and more of it can be sent across the world. At Howards Health centre, the communications system would be essential, as it is to modern day life. All the stock, financial systems and even customer services will require the use of these systems. These, obviously come into vital use for our company and our staff. Firstly these different methods of communication can and will be used in this company. Whether through the internet, txt message or simply talking over the mobile phone, these will all come into demand. It replaces the need of counting on unreliable snail mail which has many disadvantages, such as the speed, consistency and the time spent in order to gain something from this method. The usage of CD-ROMS has become more than common. These are readily and cheaply available in all modern day stores and retailers, becoming useful for a variety of different reasons. CD-ROMS in the form of Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs), have nearly completely replaced and taken over the famous video, displaying movies, films and other TV related programmes. Furthermore, CD-ROMS are increasing popularity, due to the demand and popularity of different types of software that would be vital for our company to have. The popularity of these CD-ROMS is increasing so rapidly that they now are included in free samples that come to the post. Howards Health centre will use the CD-ROM to make use of the software that our system needs via the CD-ROM. It also would help promote our company through advertising our goods with maybe a free CD-ROM. Also we may use CD-ROMs to store backup files, incase of a breakdown. Furthermore, to offer training to our employees of how to use various programmes on the computer, we will need the aid of a CD-ROM Another use of ICT in stores and companies such as ours is with the everyday usage of bar codes especially helpful for shops and other big stores. These are used to display the unique identities of any product which can be stored into shop computers to keep track of there own products. The benefits of bar codes are immeasurable. The most prominent of reasons include: that there is less risk of fraud and there is Quicker service in shops, for the bar code is used to display the identity and price of a product. Furthermore this method is relatively easy to use and requires little training to learn. Therefore the products sold by Howards Health centre will have the bar code on medicine and other medical facilities. The internet is increasing popularity for online shopping. In this world today, many people who are mainly occupied or too ill to go out to the supermarkets, use the internet to shop. This is an easy, quick and reliable way of shopping as the stock is delivered promptly to your doorstep. Also as this method requires little effort and is increasing in popularity, more and more varieties of goods can be brought over the internet, especially those that might be harder to purchase otherwise. However, there are many drawbacks to this method. For example, this method of shopping can create and increase health problems, as it cuts out the need of walking to the shops or the supermarket. Also it increases the risk of fraud as credit card details and other personal information may easily released into the dangerous world wide web, Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS) technology, allows money to be paid through credit cards at tills that accept them. This involves a credit card having unique identity and direct access to the owners account, to be inserted into one of these tills, where the price of the items is taken from the bank. This greatly decreases the risk of burglary of money and stops any inconveniences caused by the carrying of money in your pocket. However, this method is not perfect as it is prone to credit card fraud and these cards can easily be lost. Furthermore, using this way for paying money makes the user less aware of the quantity of money that they spend, increasing the risk of debt and overdraft. Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) is similar to the other method. This ensures the electronic transfer of funds at the point of sale. It used at the checkouts to provide the customer receipt and, at the same time, update the items in stock. This process is automatic, requiring little human endeavor and assistance. With the introduction of new technology, our company will start using an easier method of shopping- shop online, replacing the typical and traditional method of using our legs and arms! We also would use computers to send e-mails and for entertainment purposes using CD-ROM gaming. These games have special 3-D effects and other griping effects that keep the user interested. It is also used with interactive television. Before people had access to only four or five channels, which for the telle addict would get intimidating. With interactive television, up to 800 channels, giving a much more interesting range of channels and topics. Howards Health centre by providing them with information, education and entertainment for a variety of subjects that may be useful to this company, the staff the and the whole of Brownsville Sage payroll is a commercial system that can be brought, to automatically calculate the employers wages. It is a very quick, easy and accurate method to calculate the wages of the employees. We may make use of this in Howards Health centre, especially in the near future, once the hospital is up and running. Also this provides businesses with support and advice which obviously will come helpful. Our method, using the computer, is slightly harder to use and needs more human assistance and training. Also this method is more prone to mistakes and is less professional. However, it is cheaper to use, easier to set up and it suits the job as it is a small health centre. Working practices will obviously have to change in Howards Health centre, thanks to the newly introduced computerized system. The old typewriter, handwritten letters, huge filing cabinets and much more will have to go now the computer is introduced. The average Howards Health centre employee will have to get used to using the computer, and will find it very useful. The need for letters and stamps taking days if not weeks to come will be mostly replaced by the e-mail system taking seconds to send large amounts of info across the world. Internet shopping will reduce the need for our staff to actually go out and by the clothing and stock. Data will now, and in the future, is stored within this system that will take up far less room than before. Remember, these various hi tech systems can only be accessed by individuals and companies who have the means of accessing these technologies, like Howards Health centre. These technologies are relatively expensive to own, and thus, are mainly accessible to the industrialized and MEDC countries. These countries posses various forms and resources in order to use these systems effectively. Thus, countries that are in the developing/third world simply do not have the financial resources to implement these systems. With this revolution of our system, we will need to train the staff to use these systems. This will take time and cost money. Also we will have to find qualified teachers, which will again be a hassle. Our staff will be trained in using the computer, software and performing the necessary tasks. The trainees will also need to be aware of the law and various different acts. For instance the data protection act which provides legislations to protect data released onto the computers, especially personal data. Also the employees must be aware of privacy and copyright. It is essential that the workers should be aware of other moral implications of using ICT. Our staff must be aware of undesirable material and the misuse of computers at work. ICT systems can easily crash. In this process, all too easily, many data can be lost, and sometimes not retrieved. This often happens with unsaved data, say when there is a power cut, this data will be lost. This problem can be overcome in a variety of ways. Obviously, the primary way would be to always regularly save the data, where programmes can be loaded onto the system that will automatically save a copy of the data so that it is not lost. Also various retrieval programmes can be used, which when the user switches off with ought to saving the work, or the computer crashes, the system will automatically have a record of there work. In the long term, data backups are used, in the form of CD-ROMS or various other storage mediums, which can act as backup devices. Also, the internet can be used, where work may be uploaded on say a website, incase of a crash. Another disadvantage of using these systems, which will imply in Howards Health centre, is the various health problems they pose. Usage of the computer and to communicate via e-mail can take long to accomplish. Usage of this method of communication, along with text messages can cause eye and neck strain, aswell as a host of other problems. Using the mobile phone, although not posing a significant health risk can cost a lot of money, especially when calling when most needed- peak time. Again training and teaching about these various health problems, and how to avoid them, would help overcome this problem. Despite the expenses and hassle of training and teaching the employers, it undoubtedly would be money well spent. For ultimately the health and safety of our employers comes first.

Cold War Vs. United States :: essays research papers

Cold War vs. United States The Cold War ended in 1991 after the Soviet Union fell apart. Since then, Russia's economy paralyzed, and the United States is three trillion dollars in debt, and both counties were weakened by the Cold War because of military spending. To have world peace does not mean that United States should increase its military strength. The Realist theory would argue that military strength is important to maintain peace both domestically and internationally. Even though the United States as the only superpower remains in certain perspective, the U.S can not be the peace keeper for the whole globe and every state on it. First of all, there are more than two hundred sovereign states in the whole world, and to have world peace requires every sovereign states' effort not only the United States but also every other states. A good example was the coalition force led by the United States under UN command which defeated Iraq's invasion army in Kuwait City in 1991. But the United States still respected Iraq's sovereignty under international rules. That was probably the reason why President Bush did not order the U.S army to invade Iraq after the U.S led coalition force expelled Iraq's force in Kuwait. Another example would be when Iraq's government massacred thousand of ethic minority Kurds when the Kurds rebelled against Iraq government in northern Iraq. The United States did not do a lot to help the Kurds because United States and the rest of the countries around the world recognized Iraq as a sovereign state in the international community even though that United States had a large military presence in the Persian gul f area during that time. More and more, non goverment organizations also play very important roles in world peace. Since 1945, the United Nations, a non government organization, has helped to bring cease-fire agreements to numerous hot spots around the globe in place like Cambodia or the Mid-East. Individual persons also play important roles in world peace. Such as former President Jimmy Carter, who helped negotiate the peace agreement that restored the democratic elected President Aristide back to his office in Haiti and avoided a direct military confrontation between the United States and the Haiti's military government in the last minute. Secondly, the cold war made former Soviet Unions bleed to white but also put the United States three trillion dollars in debt, and the debt is going up too. According to the IRS, the United States government is spending fifteen percent of gross annual revenue just paying off the interest of the three trillions deficits in 1996 (3).

Dmembers of the design and construction team

Is the first person involved in the planning stage of a building industry. He should be an artist, a technician and moreover a businessman. He has to satisfy the client, engineer, contractor and ultimately user. The architect after having obtained the instruction from the owner, design the function layout and provision of functional accommodation. He has to make structure beautiful and functional. He should give aesthetic effect to the structure. He is supposed to have knowledge of building bye- laws and regulations.During construction, he supervises the work as an agent to the owner, negotiates with client, Prepares drawings and specifications, Obtains planning permission, Prepares legal documents, Chooses building materials, Plans the construction process, Advises on the selection of, and will liaise with the construction am, and Inspects work. Selection of the architect for a development is obviously a critical step. Attention systems, the choice will be based on a combination of considerations, including competence and reputation, compatibility of values and goals between developer and architect, and ability of the two to communicate effectively.Since there is, in principle, inherent tension between the design function (I. E aesthetically oriented) and the developer (I. E cost and time oriented) communication of views and priorities are vital for a successful outcome. THE LAND PLANNER For land developments the developer (client) gives key design role to a land planner. In large projects involving multiple structures, extensive ground parking areas and drainage and water retention systems, the developer will rely on a land planner to solve the complex land planning puzzle.The developer work closely with the land planner to evolve the basic site plan within which any structures must fit. He uses input from specialist like the hydrologist, architect, marketing consultant, engineers, soil engineer, and others. The major concern of the land planner includes aest hetics, optimal use, and preservation of the site, traffic flows, utility systems, and drainage system. He also carries out an environmental impact assessment of the project and environment then it will be discarded. The expertise of several types' engineers must be coordinated by the architect in bringing together the final structure design. These engineers commonly work as subordinator to the architect, but their qualification need to be reviewed by the developer. The Soil Engineer: He determines the sufficient specifications to achieve safety and stability, for the structure foundation. He also test the soil for stability, strength, stress, strain and specify the kind of foundation that will be suitable for the building/ structure (pile, raft, pad, etc. ).The Structural Engineer; Calculate the loading and moments for a structure, Design the form for a structure, determine the most appropriate materials. Determine the requisite structural skeleton to maintain the building/ structu re's integrity. He also considers the numbers of beam, column that will withstand the tensional load, and give specification of the types of materials that will sustain the building life span. The Mechanical Engineer; provide pacifications and design for the heating, Ventilation, and air conditioning system and other building systems.